Secrecy ESM 2020

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Citation article

Title:
Secrecy in Everyday Life
Authors:
Bianchi, V., Greenaway, K. H., Moeck, E. K., Slepian, M. L., & Kalokerinos, E. K.
Year of publication:
2024
Publication name:
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Volume number:
51
Issue number:
9
Page numbers:
1664-1688
DOI or URL:
https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241226560
Publication type:
Refereed Journal Article

Study details

Baseline session:
Yes
Followup session:
No
Study design:
Participants completed a baseline survey and then the following day commenced 7 days of ESM surveys where surveys were sent 6 times a day. Surveys were open for 60 minutes after they were sent and the last survey of each day was available for 30 minutes after it was sent. After this time, participants were no longer able to answer the survey.
ESM measurement waves:
1
Ethics granting body:
---
Ethics protocol number:
-
Year/s data was collected:
2020
Location of participants (Countries):
Australia
Background information:
---
Languages:
English
Setting:
---
Collection platform:
---
Preregistration URL:
https://osf.io/t4gb3/
Days of ESM data collection:
7
Number of ESM measures per day:
6
Sampling schedule:
signal-contingent
ESM schedule start time:
9:30
ESM schedule end time:
20:30
ESM schedule duration:
---

Sample details

Type of sample:
Community and university students. Participants were aged between 18-60 (Mage = 28.65, SD = 10.15).
Recruitment information:
Participants were recruited from online advertisements. To take part in the study, participants had to use an iPhone (iOS 8 or above) or Android phone (Android 6.0 or above) that was not an Oppo or Huawei phone (because of technical difficulties experienced on these models). Participants also had to be based in the AEST timezone. Participants were also required to hold at least one secret.
Incentives:
University students received course credit for their participation, whereas community participants were reimbursed via payment. Course credit students received 1% credit for completing the baseline and up to 2% credit for completing the ESM surveys. Community participants received $15 AUD for completing the baseline, and up to $35 for completing the ESM surveys. The amount of credit/ payment participants received depended on the amount of surveys they completed.
Exclusions:
37 participants were excluded from the study, based on the pre-registered exclusion criteria.
Number of participants:
120

Contact info

Contact:
Valentina Bianchi
Contact email:
val.bianchi@unimelb.edu.au
Selection Variable Info Assessment type Constructs Branching
UUID Default None —
Date_Local Default None —
Time_Local Default None —
ACPT I tried to accept my feelings without judgement Baseline —
ACTIVE Active Baseline —
AGE What is your age in years? Baseline —
ALERT Alert Baseline —
ANG Angry Baseline —
ANNOY Annoyed Baseline —
ANX Anxious Baseline —
ASHAME Ashamed Baseline —
BEWILD Bewildered Baseline —
BFI_1 Is outgoing, sociable Baseline —
BFI_10 Is curious about many different things Baseline —
BFI_11 Rarely feels excited or eager Baseline —
BFI_12 Tends to find fault with others Baseline —
BFI_13 Is dependable, steady Baseline —
BFI_14 Is moody, has up and down mood swings Baseline —
BFI_15 Is inventive, finds clever ways to do things Baseline —
BFI_16 Tends to be quiet Baseline —
BFI_17 Feels little sympathy for others Baseline —
BFI_18 Is systematic, likes to keep things in order Baseline —
BFI_19 Can be tense Baseline —
BFI_2 Is compassionate, has a soft heart Baseline —
BFI_20 Is fascinated by art, music, or literature Baseline —
BFI_21 Is dominant, acts as a leader Baseline —
BFI_22 Starts arguments with others Baseline —
BFI_23 Has difficulty getting started on tasks Baseline —
BFI_24 Feels secure, comfortable with self Baseline —
BFI_25 Avoids intellectual, philosophical discussions Baseline —
BFI_26 Is less active than other people Baseline —
BFI_27 Has a forgiving nature Baseline —
BFI_28 Can be somewhat careless Baseline —
BFI_29 Is emotionally stable, not easily upset Baseline —
BFI_3 Tends to be disorganized Baseline —
BFI_30 Has little creativity Baseline —
BFI_31 Is sometimes shy, introverted Baseline —
BFI_32 Is helpful and unselfish with others Baseline —
BFI_33 Keeps things neat and tidy Baseline —
BFI_34 Worries a lot Baseline —
BFI_35 Values art and beauty Baseline —
BFI_36 Finds it hard to influence people Baseline —
BFI_37 Is sometimes rude to others Baseline —
BFI_38 Is efficient, gets things done Baseline —
BFI_39 Often feels sad Baseline —
BFI_4 Is relaxed, handles stress well Baseline —
BFI_40 Is complex, a deep thinker Baseline —
BFI_41 Is full of energy Baseline —
BFI_42 Is suspicious of others’ intentions Baseline —
BFI_43 Is reliable, can always be counted on Baseline —
BFI_44 Keeps their emotions under control Baseline —
BFI_45 Has difficulty imagining things Baseline —
BFI_46 Is talkative Baseline —
BFI_47 Can be cold and uncaring Baseline —
BFI_48 Leaves a mess, doesn’t clean up Baseline —
BFI_49 Rarely feels anxious or afraid Baseline —
BFI_5 Has few artistic interests Baseline —
BFI_50 Thinks poetry and plays are boring Baseline —
BFI_51 Prefers to have others take charge Baseline —
BFI_52 Is polite, courteous to others Baseline —
BFI_53 Is persistent, works until the task is finished Baseline —
BFI_54 Tends to feel depressed, blue Baseline —
BFI_55 Has little interest in abstract ideas Baseline —
BFI_56 Shows a lot of enthusiasm Baseline —
BFI_57 Assumes the best about people Baseline —
BFI_58 Sometimes behaves irresponsibly Baseline —
BFI_59 Is temperamental, gets emotional easily Baseline —
BFI_6 Has an assertive personality Baseline —
BFI_60 Is original, comes up with new ideas Baseline —
BFI_7 Is respectful, treats others with respect Baseline —
BFI_8 Tends to be lazy Baseline —
BFI_9 Stays optimistic after experiencing a setback Baseline —
BITTER Bitter Baseline —
BURNOUT Worn out Baseline —
CAREGIVER Do you have any other caregiving responsibilites? Baseline —
CESD_1 I was bothered by things that usually don't bother me. Baseline —
CESD_11 My sleep was restless. Baseline —
CESD_12 I was happy. Baseline —
CESD_13 I talked less than usual. Baseline —
CESD_14 I felt lonely. Baseline —
CESD_15 People were unfriendly. Baseline —
CESD_16 I enjoyed life. Baseline —
CESD_17 I had crying spells. Baseline —
CESD_18 I felt sad. Baseline —
CESD_19 I felt that people dislike me. Baseline —
CESD_2 I did not feel like eating; my appetite was poor. Baseline —
CESD_20 I could not get "going." Baseline —
CESD_3 I felt that I could not shake off the blues even with help from my family or friends. Baseline —
CESD_4 I felt I was just as good as other people. Baseline —
CESD_5 I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing. Baseline —
CESD_6 I felt depressed. Baseline —
CESD_7 I felt that everything I did was an effort. Baseline —
CESD_8 I felt hopeful about the future. Baseline —
CESD_9 I thought my life had been a failure. Baseline —
CHEER Cheerful Baseline —
CHILD Do you have children under 18 years of age? Baseline —
CLEAR_HEAD Clear-headed Baseline —
COMPLETED_DATE Date the ESM survey was completed. ESM —
COMPLETED_TIME Time the ESM survey was completed. ESM —
COMPLIANCE Percentage survey compliance ESM —
CONCENTRATE Unable to concentrate Baseline —
CONTENT Contented Baseline —
COVID_DEPEND How many of the people who live with you depend on you? (e.g., kids, elders, people with special needs) Baseline —
COVID_HEALTHCARE Do you work in the healthcare industry? Baseline —
COVID_HOUSEHOLD How many people are with you in your living quarters? (please enter only a number) Baseline —
COVID_ILLNESS Do you have a chronic physical illness (e.g., diabetes, asthma)? Baseline —
COVID_LIVING I'm living: Baseline —
COVID_LIVING_TEXT Covid living situation text entry Baseline —
COVID_ME Have you been infected with COVID-19? Baseline —
COVID_OTHERS Have any of your close family members had COVID-19? Baseline —
COVID_WORRY In general, how worried are you about COVID-19? Baseline —
CREATED_DATE_TIME Date and time survey created ESM —
CSQ_1_1 Hurt another person (for example, emotionally or physically hurt someone), and kept this secret from someone else Baseline —
CSQ_1_10 Violated someone's trust (but NOT by a lie) for example, by snooping, revealing information about someone, breaking or losing something that belongs to someone without telling them, etc) Baseline —
CSQ_1_11 Had romantic desires about someone (while being single) for example, a crush, in love with someone, wanting relations with a specific person Baseline —
CSQ_1_12 Unhappy in a romantic relationship Baseline —
CSQ_1_13 Thought about having relations with another person (while already in a relationship) Baseline —
CSQ_1_14 Committed emotional infidelity (NOT involving actual sexual infidelity) for example, having an inappropriate emotional connection with someone, or engaging in something other than sex, such as flirting, kissing, etc Baseline —
CSQ_1_15 Committed sexual infidelity (engaged in sexual relations with someone who was not your partner) Baseline —
CSQ_1_16 At some point was in a relationship with someone who themselves actually had a partner (that is, the person was cheating on their partner -- with you) Baseline —
CSQ_1_17 Dislike a friend, or unhappy with current social life Baseline —
CSQ_1_18 Dissatisfied with something physical about yourself Baseline —
CSQ_1_19 Had mental health issues, or dissatisfied with something about yourself other than physical appearance (for example, fears, anxieties, depression, mental disorders, eating disorders) Baseline —
CSQ_1_2 Used illegal drugs, OR abused / addicted to a legal drug (e.g., alcohol, painkillers) Baseline —
CSQ_1_20 Cheated or did something improper at work (or school), or having lied to get a job (or into a school) Baseline —
CSQ_1_21 Performing poorly at work (or school) Baseline —
CSQ_1_22 Dissatisfied with your situation at work (or school) Baseline —
CSQ_1_23 Planning to propose marriage Baseline —
CSQ_1_24 Planning a surprise for someone (other than a marriage proposal) Baseline —
CSQ_1_3 Had a habit or addiction (but NOT involving drugs) Baseline —
CSQ_1_4 Stolen something from someone or some place Baseline —
CSQ_1_5 Engaged in something illegal (other than drugs or stealing) Baseline —
CSQ_1_6 Physically harmed yourself Baseline —
CSQ_1_7 Had an abortion Baseline —
CSQ_1_8 Had a traumatic experience (other than the above) Baseline —
CSQ_1_9 Have lied to someone Baseline —
CSQ_2_1 Have you ever hidden a hobby or possession? Baseline —
CSQ_2_10 Keep secret details about finances (or amount of money you have)? Baseline —
CSQ_2_11 Kept secret a job or employment that you have (or school activity)? Baseline —
CSQ_2_12 Kept a secret ambition, secret plan, or secret goal for yourself? Baseline —
CSQ_2_13 A secret unusual behavior (unrelated to any of the above categories, in this section and the earlier section)? Baseline —
CSQ_2_14 A specific story you keep a secret (unrelated to any of the other categories, this section and the above section)? Baseline —
CSQ_2_2 Have you ever hidden a current relationship, or kept a past relationship secret? Baseline —
CSQ_2_3 Have you ever kept a detail about your family secret? Baseline —
CSQ_2_4 Have you ever been pregnant and didn't tell some people? Baseline —
CSQ_2_5 Have you ever concealed your sexual orientation / gender identity? Baseline —
CSQ_2_6 Sexual behavior that you keep secret? (other than sexual orientation, for example, porn, masturbation, fantasies, unusual sexual behavior, etc.) Baseline —
CSQ_2_7 Kept secret a lack of having sex? (i.e., that you are not, or were not, having sex at some point) Baseline —
CSQ_2_8 Kept secret a preference for something? (for example, not liking something that people think you like, or liking something people do not know you like) Baseline —
CSQ_2_9 Kept a belief secret? (for example, political views, religious views, views about social groups, prejudice) Baseline —
DECR_NEG To what extent did you want to decrease your negative emotions? Baseline —
DECR_NEG_COMMIT How committed were you to trying to feel less negative? Baseline —
DECR_NEG_COMMIT_EER How committed were you to trying to make other people feel less negative? Baseline —
DECR_NEG_EER To what extent did you want to decrease the negative emotions of other people? Baseline —
DECR_NEG_EFFORT How much effort did you invest to decrease your negative emotions? Baseline —
DECR_NEG_EFFORT_EER How much effort did you invest to decrease the negative emotions of other people? Baseline —
DECR_NEG_FREQ How often did you try to decrease your negative emotions? Baseline —
DECR_NEG_FREQ_EER How often did you try to decrease the negative emotions of other people? Baseline —
DECR_NEG_MOT To what extent was decreasing your negative emotions something you could do, if you wanted to? Baseline —
DECR_NEG_MOT_EER To what extent was decreasing other people's negative emotions something you could do, if you wanted to? Baseline —
DISCOURAGE Discouraged Baseline —
DIST I distracted myself from the situation Baseline —
DURATION_TOTAL Baseline duration in seconds Baseline —
EDU What is your level of education? Baseline —
EER_SUCCESS How much did you succeed in decreasing the negative emotions of other people? Baseline —
EMPLOY What is your employment status? Baseline —
EMPLOY_TEXT Employment text entry Baseline —
END_DATETIME Baseline end date and time Baseline —
ENERG Energetic Baseline —
ERQ_1 When I want to feel more positive emotion (such as joy or amusement), I change what I’m thinking about Baseline —
ERQ_10 When I want to feel less negative emotion, I change the way I’m thinking about the situation Baseline —
ERQ_2 I keep my emotions to myself Baseline —
ERQ_3 When I want to feel less negative emotion (such as sadness or anger), I change what I’m thinking about Baseline —
ERQ_4 When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them Baseline —
ERQ_5 When I’m faced with a stressful situation, I make myself think about it in a way that helps me stay calm Baseline —
ERQ_6 I control my emotions by not expressing them Baseline —
ERQ_7 When I want to feel more positive emotion, I change the way I’m thinking about the situation Baseline —
ERQ_8 I control my emotions by changing the way I think about the situation I’m in Baseline —
ERQ_9 When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them Baseline —
ER_SUCCESS How much did you succeed in decreasing your negative emotions? Baseline —
ETHN What is your ethnicity? Please select all that apply. Baseline —
ETHN_TEXT Ethnicity text entry Baseline —
EXHAUS Exhausted Baseline —
EXPIRED_DATE_TIME Date and time survey expired ESM —
FATIGUE Fatigued Baseline —
GAD_1 Feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge Baseline —
GAD_2 Not being able to stop or control worrying Baseline —
GAD_3 Worrying too much about different things Baseline —
GAD_4 Trouble relaxing Baseline —
GAD_5 Being so restless that it's hard to sit still Baseline —
GAD_6 Becoming easily annoyed or irritable Baseline —
GAD_7 Feeling afraid as if something awful might happen Baseline —
GENDER What is your gender? Baseline —
GENDER_TEXT Gender text entry Baseline —
GLOOM Gloomy Baseline —
GROUCH Grouchy Baseline —
GUILT Guilty Baseline —
HAP Happy Baseline —
HELPLESS Helpess Baseline —
HOPELESS Hopeless Baseline —
HOUSEHOLD How many people, including you, live in your household? Baseline —
INTER_SURVEY_INTERVAL Duration in minutes between surveys (overnight lags excluded) ESM —
LISTLESS Listless Baseline —
LIVELY Lively Baseline —
LONE Lonely Baseline —
LONE Since the last survey, how lonely have you felt? ESM —
LONE_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
MINDFUL I tried to influence my body (e.g., by taking deep breaths) Baseline —
MISERABLE Miserable Baseline —
MUDDLED Muddled Baseline —
NA_ATTEN To what extent did you pay attention to your negative emotions? Baseline —
NA_ATTEN_EER To what extent did you pay attention to the negative emotions experienced by other people around you? Baseline —
NATION What is your nationality? (e.g. Australian) Baseline —
NATION_TEXT Nationality text entry Baseline —
NERV Nervous Baseline —
PSS_1 I felt difficulties were piling up so high that I could not overcome them. Baseline —
PSS_2 I was unable to control the important things in my life. Baseline —
PSS_3 I felt that everything I did was an effort. Baseline —
PSS_4 I felt confident about my ability to handle my personal problems. Baseline —
PWB_1 I tended to be influenced by people with strong opinions. Baseline —
PWB_10 People would describe me as a giving person, willing to share my time with others. Baseline —
PWB_11 I did not wander aimlessly through life. Baseline —
PWB_12 I liked most aspects of my personality. Baseline —
PWB_13 I judged myself by what I think is important, not by the values of what others think is important. Baseline —
PWB_14 I was quite good at managing the many responsibilties of my daily life. Baseline —
PWB_15 I gave up trying to make big improvements or changes in my life. Baseline —
PWB_16 I have not experienced many warm and trusting relationships with others. Baseline —
PWB_17 I sometimes felt as if I've done all there is to do in life. Baseline —
PWB_18 In many ways, I felt disappointed about my achievements in life. Baseline —
PWB_2 In general, I felt I was in charge of the situation in which I lived. Baseline —
PWB_3 I thought it was important to have new experiences that challenge how I think about myself and the world. Baseline —
PWB_4 Maintaining close relationships has been difficult and frustrating for me. Baseline —
PWB_5 I lived life one day at a time and didn't really think about the future. Baseline —
PWB_6 When I looked at the story of my life, I was pleased with how things have turned out. Baseline —
PWB_7 I had confidence in my opinions, even if they were contrary to the general consensus. Baseline —
PWB_8 The demands of everyday life often got me down. Baseline —
PWB_9 Life has been a continuous process of learning, changing, and growth. Baseline —
REAP_1 I changed the way I was thinking about the situation Baseline —
REAP_2 I tried to find humour in the situation Baseline —
REG_EFFORT_1 How you behave Baseline —
REG_EFFORT_2 How you feel Baseline —
REG_EFFORT_3 What you know Baseline —
REG_EFFORT_4 How you relate to others Baseline —
REG_EFFORT_5 How you relate to the universe (spiritually) Baseline —
REG_IMPORTANCE_1 How you behave Baseline —
REG_IMPORTANCE_2 How you feel Baseline —
REG_IMPORTANCE_3 What you know Baseline —
REG_IMPORTANCE_4 How you relate to others Baseline —
REG_IMPORTANCE_5 How you relate to the universe (spiritually) Baseline —
REG_IMPORTANCE_RANK_1 How you behave Baseline —
REG_IMPORTANCE_RANK_2 How you feel Baseline —
REG_IMPORTANCE_RANK_3 What you know Baseline —
REG_IMPORTANCE_RANK_4 How you relate to others Baseline —
REG_IMPORTANCE_RANK_5 How you relate to the universe (spiritually) Baseline —
RELAT What is your relationship status? Baseline —
RELIG Are you religious? Baseline —
RESTLESS Restless Baseline —
RLX Relaxed Baseline —
RRS_1 Think about how alone you feel Baseline —
RRS_10 Think "Why do I always react this way?" Baseline —
RRS_11 Go away by yourself and think about why you feel this way Baseline —
RRS_12 Write down what you are thinking and analyse it Baseline —
RRS_13 Think about a recent situation, wishing it had gone better Baseline —
RRS_14 Think "I won't be able to concentrate if I keep feeling this way." Baseline —
RRS_15 Think "Why do I have problems other people don't have?" Baseline —
RRS_16 Think "Why can't I handle things better?" Baseline —
RRS_17 Think about how sad you feel Baseline —
RRS_18 Think about all your shortcomings, failings, faults, mistakes Baseline —
RRS_19 Think about how you don't feel up to doing anything Baseline —
RRS_2 Think "I won't be able to do my job if I don't snap out of this." Baseline —
RRS_20 Analyse your personality to try to understand why you are depressed Baseline —
RRS_21 Go someplace alone to think about your feelings Baseline —
RRS_22 Think about how angry you are with yourself Baseline —
RRS_3 Think about your feelings of fatigue and achiness Baseline —
RRS_4 Think about how hard it is to concentrate Baseline —
RRS_5 Think "What am I doing to deserve this?" Baseline —
RRS_6 Think about how passive and unmotivated you feel Baseline —
RRS_7 Analyse recent events to try to understand why you are depressed Baseline —
RRS_8 Think about how you don't seem to feel anything anymore Baseline —
RRS_9 Think "Why can't I get going?" Baseline —
RUM I ruminated or dwelled on the situation Baseline —
SAD Sad Baseline —
SCHEDULED_DATE_TIME Date and time survey scheduled ESM —
SECRET_ACPT Since the last survey, I accepted my emotions as they are. ESM —
SECRET_ACPT_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SECRET_ANG Right now, how angry does your secret make you feel? ESM —
SECRET_ANG_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SECRET_CONCEAL How many times in the past 7 days did you have to prevent yourself from revealing the secret (i.e., had to hold back the secret and not reveal it) while interacting with someone else? Take your best guess and ONLY enter a NUMBER. Baseline SecretScore
SECRET_CONCEAL Since the last survey, how many times did you prevent yourself from revealing the secret? Take your best guess and please enter only a NUMBER. ESM —
SECRET_CONCEAL_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SECRET_CONFIDE Since the last survey, have you confided the secret to anybody? ESM —
SECRET_CONFIDE_LIKE Since the last survey, how much did you want to confide the secret to someone? ESM SECRET_CONFIDE
SECRET_CONFIDE_LIKE_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SECRET_CONFIDE_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SECRET_CONFIDE_TARGET_1 Who did you confide in? Select all that apply: Friend ESM SECRET_CONFIDE
SECRET_CONFIDE_TARGET_2 Who did you confide in? Select all that apply: Family member ESM SECRET_CONFIDE
SECRET_CONFIDE_TARGET_3 Who did you confide in? Select all that apply: Romantic partner ESM SECRET_CONFIDE
SECRET_CONFIDE_TARGET_4 Who did you confide in? Select all that apply: Co-worker/classmate ESM SECRET_CONFIDE
SECRET_CONFIDE_TARGET_5 Who did you confide in? Select all that apply: Housemate (not a family member or friend) ESM SECRET_CONFIDE
SECRET_CONFIDE_TARGET_6 Who did you confide in? Select all that apply: Neighbour ESM SECRET_CONFIDE
SECRET_CONFIDE_TARGET_7 Who did you confide in? Select all that apply: A stranger ESM SECRET_CONFIDE
SECRET_CONFIDE_TARGET_8 Who did you confide in? Select all that apply: Other ESM SECRET_CONFIDE
SECRET_CONFIDE_TARGET_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SECRET_CONTROL How much control do you feel you have over this secret? Baseline SecretScore
SECRET_CONTROL Since the last survey, how much control have you felt you had over the secret? ESM —
SECRET_CONTROL_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SECRET_DIST Since the last survey, I distracted myself from my emotions. ESM —
SECRET_DIST_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SECRET_FEEL How do you feel about this secret? Baseline SecretScore
SECRET_GUILT Right now, how guilty does your secret make you feel? ESM —
SECRET_GUILT_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SECRET_HAP Right now, how happy does your secret make you feel? ESM —
SECRET_HAP_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SECRET_KEEP Are you keeping this secret from any of the people you are living with? Baseline SecretScore
SECRET_LONE Right now, how lonely does your secret make you feel? ESM —
SECRET_LONE_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SECRET_MINDWANDER How many times in the past 7 days did you find yourself thinking about your secret? Take your best guess and ONLY enter a NUMBER. Baseline SecretScore
SECRET_MINDWANDER Since the last survey, how many times did you find yourself thinking about the secret? Take your best guess and please enter only a NUMBER. ESM —
SECRET_MINDWANDER_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SECRET_NERV Right now, how nervous does your secret make you feel? ESM —
SECRET_NREV_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SECRET_PEOPLE How many people are you keeping this secret from? Please ONLY enter a NUMBER. If you are keeping this secret from everyone in your life, please write 99. Baseline SecretScore
SECRET_REAP Since the last survey, I changed my perspective or the way I was thinking about my emotions. ESM —
SECRET_REAP_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SECRET_REVEAL Do you plan to reveal this secret at some point in the future? Baseline SecretScore
SECRET_RUM Since the last survey, I ruminated or dwelled on my emotions. ESM —
SECRET_RUM_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SECRET_SAD Right now, how sad does your secret make you feel? ESM —
SECRET_SAD_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SecretScore Total amount of secrets reported in CSQ Baseline —
SECRET_SHAME Right now, how ashamed does your secret make you feel? ESM —
SECRET_SHAME_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SECRET_SIG How significant is this secret? Baseline SecretScore
SECRET_SITMOD Since the last survey, I took steps to change the situation. ESM —
SECRET_SITMOD_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SECRET_SOCSHR_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SECRET_SOSCHR Since the last survey, I talked to others about my emotions. ESM —
SECRET_STR Right now, how stressed does your secret make you feel? ESM —
SECRET_STR_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SECRET_SUPR Since the last survey, I suppressed the outward expression of my emotions. ESM —
SECRET_SUPR_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SECRET_TARGET Who are you keeping this secret from? (select all that apply) Baseline SecretScore
SECRET_TIME Since the last survey, how much time have you spent interacting with the person or people you are hiding the scret from? ESM —
SECRET_TIME_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SITSEL I took steps to change the situation I was in Baseline —
SLUGG Sluggish Baseline —
SOC_EFF Since the last survey, I felt like I could reach out to other people if I wanted to. ESM —
SOC_EFF_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SOCINT_DIGITAL Since the last survey, have you spoken with anyone DIGITALLY? ESM —
SOCINT_DIGITAL_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SOCINT_INPERSON Since the last survey, have you spoken with anyone IN PERSON? ESM —
SOCINT_INPERSON_RT Response time for relevant variable ESM —
SOCSHR I turned to someone close to me to help me feel less negative Baseline —
START_DATETIME Baseline start date and time Baseline —
STARTED_DATE_TIME Date and time survey started ESM —
STR Stressed Baseline —
SUPR I tried to hide the expression of my negative feelings Baseline —
SURVEY_COMPLETED Whether the ESM survey was completed ESM —
SURVEY_DAY Study day of survey collection ESM —
SURVEY_DURATION Total response time for survey ESM —
SURVEY_NUMBER Sequential survey number ESM —
SWLS_1 In most ways my life is close to my ideal. Baseline —
SWLS_2 The conditions of my life are excellent. Baseline —
SWLS_3 I am satisfied with my life. Baseline —
SWLS_4 So far I have gotten the important things I want in life. Baseline —
SWLS_5 If I could live my life over, I would change almost nothing. Baseline —
TENSE Tense Baseline —
TOTAL_SURVEYS_COMPLETED Total number of ESM surveys completed ESM —
TOTAL_SURVEYS_SENT Total number of surveys sent ESM —
UCLA_1 I am unhappy doing so many things alone Baseline —
UCLA_10 I feel left out Baseline —
UCLA_11 I feel completely alone Baseline —
UCLA_12 I am unable to reach out and communicate with those around me Baseline —
UCLA_13 My social relationships are superficial Baseline —
UCLA_14 I feel starved for company Baseline —
UCLA_15 No one really knows me well Baseline —
UCLA_16 I feel isolated from others Baseline —
UCLA_17 I am unhappy being so withdrawn Baseline —
UCLA_18 It is difficult for me to make friends Baseline —
UCLA_19 I feel shut out and excluded by others Baseline —
UCLA_2 I have nobody to talk to Baseline —
UCLA_20 People are around me but not with me Baseline —
UCLA_3 I cannot tolerate being so alone Baseline —
UCLA_4 I lack companionship Baseline —
UCLA_5 I feel as if nobody really understands me Baseline —
UCLA_6 I find myself waiting for people to get in touch Baseline —
UCLA_7 There is no one I can turn to Baseline —
UCLA_8 I am no longer close to anyone Baseline —
UCLA_9 My interests and ideas are not shared by those around me Baseline —
UNEASY Uneasy Baseline —
UNHAP Unhappy Baseline —
UPLOADED_DATE_TIME Date and time survey uploaded ESM —
VIGOUR Vigorous Baseline —
WEARY Weary Baseline —

Publications

Main Publication

Secrecy in Everyday Life

Title:
Secrecy in Everyday Life
Authors:
Bianchi, V., Greenaway, K. H., Moeck, E. K., Slepian, M. L., & Kalokerinos, E. K.
Year of publication:
2024
Publication name:
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Volume number:
51
Issue number:
9
Page numbers:
1664-1688
DOI or URL:
https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241226560
Publication type:
Refereed Journal Article

Additional publications

  • Bianchi, V., Greenaway, K. H., Slepian, M. L., & Kalokerinos, E. K. (2024). Regulating emotions about secrets. Emotion. Advance online publication. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1037/emo0001357
  • Tran, A., Freeman-Robinson, R., Koval, P., Greenaway, K. H., & Kalokerinos, E. K. (2025) Context Matters, Doesn’t It? The Role of Context in Everyday Emotion Regulation Strategy Use. PsyArXiv.  https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/axzk6_v1

IS 19/02/2025: First survey was initally excluded due to processing code which removed intersurvey intervals of more than 180mins. Dataset has now been updated to include these surveys. IS 20/07/2025: Date and Time Local variables have been changed from completed timepoints to scheduled timepoints. Completed timepoints are now labelled as COMPLETED_DATE_TIME

KG 30/05/2026: Date_Local and Time_Local were formatted inconsistently. All date_local values are now formatted as DDMMYYYY and time as HHMMSS.