Exam results study

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Citation article

Title:
Differentiate to regulate: Low negative emotion differentiation is associated with ineffective use but not selection of emotion-regulation strategies.
Authors:
Kalokerinos, E. K. , Erbas, Y., Ceulemans, E., Kuppens, P.
Year of publication:
2019
Publication name:
Psychological Science
Volume number:
30
Issue number:
6
Page numbers:
863-879
DOI or URL:
https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619838763

Study details

Baseline session:
Yes
Followup session:
Yes
Study design:
This study coincided with first year psychology students receiving their first semester exam grades, and the ESM portion of the study was collected for 2 days before and 7 days after the grades were received.
ESM measurement waves:
1
Ethics granting body:
KU Leuven Social and Societal Ethics Committee
Ethics protocol number:
G-2016 02 487
Year/s data was collected:
2017
Location of participants (Countries):
Belgium
Background information:
Baseline was conducted the day before ESM started, follow-up was approx. 6 months after ESM finished.
Languages:
Dutch
Setting:
IP
Collection platform:
mobileQ
Preregistration URL:
---
Days of ESM data collection:
9
Number of ESM measures per day:
10
Sampling schedule:
signal-contingent
ESM schedule start time:
10:00
ESM schedule end time:
22:00
ESM schedule duration:
12

Sample details

Type of sample:
Undergraduate students
Recruitment information:
Participants were recruited from a student research participation scheme.
Incentives:
Participants received 50 euros for completing at least 80% of the ESM, and 5 euros less for every 10% drop in compliance. Participants also received a personalised report of their data.
Exclusions:
None
Number of participants:
101

Contact info

Contact:
Elise Kalokerinos
Contact email:
elise.kalokerinos@unimelb.edu.au
Selection Variable Info Assessment type Constructs Branching
UUID Default None —
Date_Local Default None —
Time_Local Default None —
exam_beepnum When exam grades were received: Consecutive numbers - 0 being the survey on which grades are received, negative number surveys before grades were received, and positive numbers surveys after grades were received Default ESM —
ACAD_CONTROL1 I have a great deal of control over my academic performance in my psychology course. Baseline CONTROLLABILITY LEARNING —
ACAD_CONTROL1 I have a great deal of control over my academic performance in my psychology course. Follow_up2 LEARNING —
ACAD_CONTROL2 The more effort I put in to my courses, the better I do in them. Baseline CONTROLLABILITY LEARNING —
ACAD_CONTROL2 The more effort I put in to my courses, the better I do in them. Follow_up2 LEARNING —
ACAD_CONTROL3 No matter what I do, I can't seem to do well in my courses. Baseline CONTROLLABILITY LEARNING —
ACAD_CONTROL3 No matter what I do, I can't seem to do well in my courses. Follow_up2 LEARNING —
ACAD_CONTROL4 I see myself as largely responsible for my performance throughout my college career. Baseline CONTROLLABILITY LEARNING —
ACAD_CONTROL4 I see myself as largely responsible for my performance throughout my college career. Follow_up2 LEARNING —
ACAD_CONTROL5 How well I do in my courses is often the "luck of the draw". Baseline CONTROLLABILITY LEARNING —
ACAD_CONTROL5 How well I do in my courses is often the "luck of the draw". Follow_up2 LEARNING —
ACAD_CONTROL6 There is little I can do about my performance in university. Baseline CONTROLLABILITY LEARNING —
ACAD_CONTROL6 There is little I can do about my performance in university. Follow_up2 LEARNING —
ACAD_CONTROL7 When I do poorly in a course, it's usually because I haven't given it my best effort. Baseline CONTROLLABILITY LEARNING —
ACAD_CONTROL7 When I do poorly in a course, it's usually because I haven't given it my best effort. Follow_up2 LEARNING —
ACAD_CONTROL8 My grades are basically determined by thing beyond my control and there is little I can do to change that. Baseline CONTROLLABILITY LEARNING —
ACAD_CONTROL8 My grades are basically determined by thing beyond my control and there is little I can do to change that. Follow_up2 LEARNING —
ACPT Since the last beep, have you accepted your emotions about your grades the way they are? ESM ACCEPTANCE EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY —
AGE Age (in years) Baseline AGE DEMOGRAPHICS —
AGQ_R_1 My aim is completely master the material presented in this class Baseline LEARNING —
AGQ_R_1 My aim is completely master the material presented in this class Follow_up2 LEARNING —
AGQ_R_10 I am striving to avoid performing worse than others Baseline LEARNING —
AGQ_R_10 I am striving to avoid performing worse than others Follow_up2 LEARNING —
AGQ_R_11 I am striving to avoid an incomplete understanding of the course material. Baseline LEARNING —
AGQ_R_11 I am striving to avoid an incomplete understanding of the course material. Follow_up2 LEARNING —
AGQ_R_12 My aim is to avoid doing worse than other students. Baseline LEARNING —
AGQ_R_12 My aim is to avoid doing worse than other students. Follow_up2 LEARNING —
AGQ_R_2 I am striving to do well compared to other students. Baseline LEARNING —
AGQ_R_2 I am striving to do well compared to other students. Follow_up2 LEARNING —
AGQ_R_3 My goal is to learn as much as possible. Baseline LEARNING —
AGQ_R_3 My goal is to learn as much as possible. Follow_up2 LEARNING —
AGQ_R_4 My aim is to perform well relative to other students Baseline LEARNING —
AGQ_R_4 My aim is to perform well relative to other students Follow_up2 LEARNING —
AGQ_R_5 My aim is to avoid learning less than I possibly could. Baseline LEARNING —
AGQ_R_5 My aim is to avoid learning less than I possibly could. Follow_up2 LEARNING —
AGQ_R_6 My goal is to avoid performing poorly compared to others. Baseline LEARNING —
AGQ_R_6 My goal is to avoid performing poorly compared to others. Follow_up2 LEARNING —
AGQ_R_7 I am striving to understand the content as thoroughly as possible. Baseline LEARNING —
AGQ_R_7 I am striving to understand the content as thoroughly as possible. Follow_up2 LEARNING —
AGQ_R_8 My goal is to perform better than the other students. Baseline LEARNING —
AGQ_R_8 My goal is to perform better than the other students. Follow_up2 LEARNING —
AGQ_R_9 My goal is to avoid learning less than it is possible to learn. Baseline LEARNING —
AGQ_R_9 My goal is to avoid learning less than it is possible to learn. Follow_up2 LEARNING —
AMUSE Amused Baseline AFFECT AMUSEMENT POSITIVE_AFFECT —
ANG When you think about your grades right now, how angry are you feeling? ESM AFFECT ANGER NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
ANG Angry Baseline AFFECT ANGER NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
ANG_SEM1 angry Follow_up2 AFFECT ANGER NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
ANG_SEM2 angry Follow_up2 AFFECT ANGER NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
ANX When you think about your grades right now, how anxious are you feeling? ESM AFFECT ANXIETY NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
ANX_SEM1 anxious Follow_up2 AFFECT ANXIETY NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
ANX_SEM2 anxious Follow_up2 AFFECT ANXIETY NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
APP_COPE When you think about your grades right now, to what extent can you cope with the emotions caused by your grades? ESM APPRAISAL COPING_POTENTIAL —
APP_GOALCONG When you think about your grades right now, to what extent are your grades advantageous for you? ESM APPRAISAL MOTIVATIONAL_CONGRUENCE —
APP_IMP When you think about your grades right now, how important are your grades for you? ESM APPRAISAL IMPORTANCE —
APP_OTH When you think about your grades right now, to what extent do you think that somebody else is responsible for your grades? ESM AGENCY APPRAISAL —
APP_SELF When you think about your grades right now, to what extent do you think that you are responsible for your grades? ESM AGENCY APPRAISAL —
BFI_1 ... is talkative Baseline EXTRAVERSION PERSONALITY —
BFI_10 ... is curious about many different things Baseline OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_11 ... is full of energy Baseline EXTRAVERSION PERSONALITY —
BFI_12 ... starts quarrels with others Baseline AGREEABLENESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_13 ... is a reliable worker Baseline CONSCIENTIOUSNESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_14 ... can be tense Baseline NEUROTICISM PERSONALITY —
BFI_15 ... is ingenious, a deep thinker Baseline OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_16 ... generates a lot of enthusiasm Baseline EXTRAVERSION PERSONALITY —
BFI_17 ... has a forgiving nature Baseline AGREEABLENESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_18 ... tends to be disorganized Baseline CONSCIENTIOUSNESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_19 ... worries a lot Baseline NEUROTICISM PERSONALITY —
BFI_2 ... tends to find fault with others Baseline AGREEABLENESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_20 ... has an active imagination Baseline OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_21 ... tends to be quiet Baseline EXTRAVERSION PERSONALITY —
BFI_22 ... is generally trusting Baseline AGREEABLENESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_23 ... tends to be lazy Baseline CONSCIENTIOUSNESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_24 ... is emotionally stable, not easily upset Baseline NEUROTICISM PERSONALITY —
BFI_25 ... is inventive Baseline OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_26 ... has an assertive personality Baseline EXTRAVERSION PERSONALITY —
BFI_27 ... can be cold and aloof Baseline AGREEABLENESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_28 ... perseveres until the task is finished Baseline CONSCIENTIOUSNESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_29 ... can be moody Baseline NEUROTICISM PERSONALITY —
BFI_3 ... does a thorough job Baseline CONSCIENTIOUSNESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_30 ... values artistic, aesthetic experiences Baseline OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_31 ... is sometimes shy, inhibited Baseline EXTRAVERSION PERSONALITY —
BFI_32 ... is considerate and kind to almost everyone Baseline AGREEABLENESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_33 ... does things efficiently Baseline CONSCIENTIOUSNESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_34 ... remains calm in tense situations Baseline NEUROTICISM PERSONALITY —
BFI_35 ... prefers work that is routine Baseline OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_36 ... is outgoing, sociable Baseline EXTRAVERSION PERSONALITY —
BFI_37 ... is sometimes rude to others Baseline AGREEABLENESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_38 ... makes plans and follows through with them Baseline CONSCIENTIOUSNESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_39 ... gets nervous easily Baseline NEUROTICISM PERSONALITY —
BFI_4 ... is depressed, blue Baseline NEUROTICISM PERSONALITY —
BFI_40 ... likes to reflect, play with ideas Baseline OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_41 ... has few artistic interests Baseline OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_42 ... likes to cooperate with others Baseline AGREEABLENESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_43 ... is easily distracted Baseline CONSCIENTIOUSNESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_44 ... is sophisticated in art, music, or literature Baseline OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_5 ... is original, comes up with new ideas Baseline OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_6 ... is reserved Baseline EXTRAVERSION PERSONALITY —
BFI_7 ... is helpful, unselfish with others Baseline AGREEABLENESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_8 ... can be somewhat careless Baseline CONSCIENTIOUSNESS PERSONALITY —
BFI_9 ... is relaxed, handles stress well Baseline NEUROTICISM PERSONALITY —
CEI_1 I actively seek as much information as I can in new situations. Baseline CURIOUSITY OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
CEI_10 I am the kind of person who embraces unfamiliar people, events, and places. Baseline CURIOUSITY OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
CEI_2 I am the type of person who really enjoys the uncertainty of everyday life. Baseline CURIOUSITY OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
CEI_3 I am at my best when doing something that is complex or challenging. Baseline CURIOUSITY OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
CEI_4 Everywhere I go, I am out looking for new things or experiences. Baseline CURIOUSITY OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
CEI_5 I view challenging situations as an opportunity to grow and learn. Baseline CURIOUSITY OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
CEI_6 I like to do things that are a little frightening. Baseline CURIOUSITY OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
CEI_7 I am always looking for experiences that challenge how I think about myself and the world. Baseline CURIOUSITY OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
CEI_8 I prefer jobs that are excitingly unpredictable. Baseline CURIOUSITY OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
CEI_9 I frequently seek out opportunities to challenge myself and grow as a person. Baseline CURIOUSITY OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
CESD_1 I was bothered by things that don’t usually bother me Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_1 I was bothered by things that don’t usually bother me Follow_up2 DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_10 I felt fearful Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_10 I felt fearful Follow_up2 DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_11 My sleep was restless Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_11 My sleep was restless Follow_up2 DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_12 I was happy Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_12 I was happy Follow_up2 DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_13 I talked less than usual Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_13 I talked less than usual Follow_up2 DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_14 I felt lonely Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_14 I felt lonely Follow_up2 DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_15 People were unfriendly Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_15 People were unfriendly Follow_up2 DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_16 I enjoyed life Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_16 I enjoyed life Follow_up2 DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_17 I had crying spells Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_17 I had crying spells Follow_up2 DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_18 I felt sad Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_18 I felt sad Follow_up2 DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_19 I felt that people disliked me Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_19 I felt that people disliked me Follow_up2 DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_2 I did not feel like eating; my appetite was poor Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_2 I did not feel like eating; my appetite was poor Follow_up2 DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_20 I could not get “going” Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_20 I could not get “going” Follow_up2 —
CESD_3 I felt that I could not shake off the blues even with the help of my family and friends Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_3 I felt that I could not shake off the blues even with the help of my family and friends Follow_up2 DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_4 I felt that I was just as good as other people Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_4 I felt that I was just as good as other people Follow_up2 DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_5 I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_5 I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing Follow_up2 DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_6 I felt depressed Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_6 I felt depressed Follow_up2 DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_7 I felt everything I did was an effort Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_7 I felt everything I did was an effort Follow_up2 DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_8 I felt hopeful about the future Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_8 I felt hopeful about the future Follow_up2 DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_9 I thought my life had been a failure Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_9 I thought my life had been a failure Follow_up2 DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CONT When you think about your grades right now, how content are you feeling? ESM AFFECT CONTENTMENT POSITIVE_AFFECT —
CONT Contented Baseline AFFECT CONTENTMENT POSITIVE_AFFECT —
CONT_SEM1 content Follow_up2 AFFECT CONTENTMENT POSITIVE_AFFECT —
CONT_SEM2 content Follow_up2 AFFECT CONTENTMENT POSITIVE_AFFECT —
DEP Depressed Baseline AFFECT DEPRESSION NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
DERS_SF_10 When I’m upset, I acknowledge my emotions Baseline AWARENESS EMOTION_REGULATION —
DERS_SF_12 When I’m upset, I become embarrassed for feeling that way Baseline ACCEPTANCE EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY —
DERS_SF_13 When I’m upset, I have difficulty getting work done Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION GOAL —
DERS_SF_14 When I’m upset, I become out of control Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION IMPULSIVITY —
DERS_SF_16 When I’m upset, I believe that I will end up feeling very depressed Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY —
DERS_SF_18 When I’m upset, I have difficulty focusing on other things Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION GOAL —
DERS_SF_25 When I’m upset, I feel guilty for feeling that way Baseline ACCEPTANCE EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY —
DERS_SF_26 When I’m upset, I have difficulty concentrating Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION GOAL —
DERS_SF_27 When I’m upset, I have difficulty controlling my behaviors Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION IMPULSIVITY —
DERS_SF_28 When I’m upset, I believe there is nothing I can do to make myself feel better Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY —
DERS_SF_29 When I’m upset, I become irritated with myself for feeling that way Baseline ACCEPTANCE EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY —
DERS_SF_32 When I’m upset, I lose control over my behavior Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION IMPULSIVITY —
DERS_SF_35 When I’m upset, it takes me a long time to feel better Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY —
DERS_SF_4 I have no idea how I am feeling Baseline CLARITY EMOTION_REGULATION —
DERS_SF_51 I have difficulty making sense out of my feelings Baseline CLARITY EMOTION_REGULATION —
DERS_SF_8 I care about what I am feeling Baseline AWARENESS EMOTION_REGULATION —
DERS_SF_9 I am confused about how I feel Baseline CLARITY EMOTION_REGULATION —
DIDS_1 I decided on the direction I want to follow in life. Baseline —
DIDS_10 I try to find out which lifestyle would be good for me. Baseline —
DIDS_11 I am doubtful about what I really want to achieve in life. Baseline —
DIDS_12 I worry about what I want to do with my future. Baseline —
DIDS_13 I keep looking for the direction I want to take in my life. Baseline —
DIDS_14 I keep wondering which direction my life has to take. Baseline —
DIDS_15 It's hard to stop thinking about the direction I want to follow in life. Baseline —
DIDS_16 I value my plans for the future very much. Baseline —
DIDS_17 My future plans give me self-confidence. Baseline —
DIDS_18 Because of the path of life I have mapped out, I feel certain about myself. Baseline —
DIDS_19 I have the sense that the direction I want to take in life will really suit me. Baseline —
DIDS_2 I know what I want to do with my future. Baseline —
DIDS_20 My plans for the future offer me a sense of security. Baseline —
DIDS_21 I think about the future plans I have made. Baseline —
DIDS_22 I talk regularly with other people about the plans for the future I have made. Baseline —
DIDS_23 I work out for myself if the goals I put forward in life really suit me. Baseline —
DIDS_24 I try to find out regularly what other people think about the specific direction I want to take in my life. Baseline —
DIDS_25 I think a lot about the future plans I strive for. Baseline —
DIDS_3 I know what I want to achieve in my life. Baseline —
DIDS_4 I have a clear view on my future. Baseline —
DIDS_5 I made a choice concerning some of my plans for the future. Baseline —
DIDS_6 I think about the direction I want to take in my life. Baseline —
DIDS_7 I think a lot about how I see my future. Baseline —
DIDS_8 I try to figure out regularly which lifestyle would suit me. Baseline —
DIDS_9 I think about what to do with my life. Baseline —
DISAP When you think about your grades right now, how disappointed are you feeling? ESM AFFECT DISAPPOINTMENT NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
DISAP_SEM1 disappointed Follow_up2 AFFECT DISAPPOINTMENT NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
DISAP_SEM2 disappointed Follow_up2 AFFECT DISAPPOINTMENT NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
DIST Since the last beep, have you distracted yourself from your grades and the associated emotions? ESM DISTRACTION EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY —
EDU Highest level of education completed Baseline DEMOGRAPHICS EDUCATION —
ER_BEST When you think of your first semester exam results, which of the following strategies helped you to cope best with the emotions you felt? Follow_up2 EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY —
ERMOT_CONTRA To increase my immediate displeasure. ESM CONTRAHEDONIC EMOTION_REGULATION MOTIVE —
ERMOT_EPI To help me learn something. ESM EMOTION_REGULATION EPISTEMIC MOTIVE —
ERMOT_EUD To help me grow as a person ESM EMOTION_REGULATION EUDAIMONIC MOTIVE —
ERMOT_HED To increase my immediate pleasure. ESM EMOTION_REGULATION HEDONIC MOTIVE —
ERMOT_NONE I did not have an aim in using these strategies ESM EMOTION_REGULATION MOTIVE —
ERMOT_OTH I had another aim in using these strategies ESM EMOTION_REGULATION MOTIVE —
ERMOT_PERF To help me do something. ESM EMOTION_REGULATION MOTIVE PERFORMANCE —
ERMOT_SOC To help with my social relationships. ESM EMOTION_REGULATION MOTIVE SOCIAL —
ERQ_1 When I want to feel more positive emotion (such as joy or amusement), I change what I’m thinking about Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REAPPRAISAL STRATEGY —
ERQ_10 When I want to feel a less negativeemotion, I change the way I’m thinkingabout the situation Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REAPPRAISAL STRATEGY —
ERQ_2 I keep my emotions to myself Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION EXPRESSIVE_SUPPRESSION STRATEGY —
ERQ_3 When I want to feel a less negative emotion (such as sadness or anger), I change what I’m thinking about. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REAPPRAISAL STRATEGY —
ERQ_4 When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION EXPRESSIVE_SUPPRESSION STRATEGY —
ERQ_5 When I’m faced with a stressful situation, I make myself think about it,in a way that helps me stay calm Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REAPPRAISAL STRATEGY —
ERQ_6 I control my emotions by not expressing them Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION EXPRESSIVE_SUPPRESSION STRATEGY —
ERQ_7 When I want to feel more positiveemotion, I change the way I’m thinkingabout the situation Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REAPPRAISAL STRATEGY —
ERQ_8 I control my emotions by changing the way I think about the situation I’m in Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REAPPRAISAL STRATEGY —
ERQ_9 When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION EXPRESSIVE_SUPPRESSION STRATEGY —
EXAM_1 Did you participate in the exam of Functieleer (deel 1) during the past exam period? Baseline LEARNING —
EXAM_10 Did you participate in the exam of Sociologie during the past exam period? Baseline LEARNING —
EXAM_11 When thinking about your exam results, what score out of 20 do you expect for Sociologie? Baseline LEARNING —
EXAM_12 How confident do you feel about your estimation of the expected score for Sociologie? Baseline LEARNING —
EXAM_13 Did you participate in the exam of Methoden van het Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (positief-wetenschappelijk gedeelte) during the past exam period? Baseline LEARNING —
EXAM_14 When thinking about your exam results, what score out of 20 do you expect for Methoden van het Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (positief-wetenschappelijk gedeelte)? Baseline LEARNING —
EXAM_15 How confident do you feel about your estimation of the expected score for Methoden van het Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (positief-wetenschappelijk gedeelte)? Baseline LEARNING —
EXAM_16 In the past semester, did you only take courses belonging to the first year of the Bachelor in Psychology program? Baseline LEARNING —
EXAM_17 In the past semester, you took courses that did NOT belong to the first year of the Bachelor in Psychology program. Please indicate which ones in the text field below AND the score out of 20 you expect when thinking about your exam results. Baseline LEARNING —
EXAM_2 When thinking about your exam results, what score out of 20 do you expect for Functieleer (deel 1)? Baseline LEARNING —
EXAM_3 How confident do you feel about your estimation of the expected score for Functieleer (deel 1)? Baseline LEARNING —
EXAM_4 Did you participate in the exam of Sociale Psychologie (deel 1) during the past exam period? Baseline LEARNING —
EXAM_5 When thinking about your exam results, what score out of 20 do you expect for Sociale Psychologie (deel 1)? Baseline LEARNING —
EXAM_6 How confident do you feel about your estimation of the expected score for Sociale Psychologie (deel 1)? Baseline LEARNING —
EXAM_7 Did you participate in the exam of Statistiek voor Psychologen, deel 1, met Practicum during the past exam period? Baseline LEARNING —
EXAM_8 When thinking about your exam results, what score out of 20 do you expect for Statistiek voor Psychologen, deel 1, met Practicum? Baseline LEARNING —
EXAM_9 How confident do you feel about your estimation of the expected score for Statistiek voor Psychologen, deel 1, met Practicum? Baseline LEARNING —
EXAM_IMP How important are the exam results from the past semester to you? Baseline LEARNING —
EXAM_IMP2 how important are these exam grades for you? Follow_up LEARNING —
EXAM_IMP3 How are important are the results of the second semester for you? Follow_up2 LEARNING —
EXAM_PREP How well do you think you were prepared for your exams of the past semester? Baseline LEARNING —
EXAM_PREP2 How well prepared were you for the second semester examinations? Follow_up2 LEARNING —
EXAM_RES1 did you participate in the exam of experimental psychology? Follow_up LEARNING —
EXAM_RES10 what is your score out of 20 on the exam of methods in scientific research? Follow_up LEARNING —
EXAM_RES_11 did you participate in the exam of (a) course(s) that is (are) not part of the first year bachelor in psychology programme? Follow_up LEARNING —
EXAM_RES_12 you participated in courses not part of the first year bachelor in psychology: please write down which courses and what grades you received for them. Follow_up LEARNING —
EXAM_RES2 what is your score out of 20 on the exam of experimental psychology? Follow_up LEARNING —
EXAM_RES3 did you participate in the exam of social psychology? Follow_up LEARNING —
EXAM_RES4 what is your score out of 20 on the exam of social psychology? Follow_up LEARNING —
EXAM_RES5 did you participate in the exam of statistics? Follow_up LEARNING —
EXAM_RES6 what is your score out of 20 on the exam of statistics? Follow_up LEARNING —
EXAM_RES7 did you participate in the exam of sociology? Follow_up LEARNING —
EXAM_RES8 what is your score out of 20 on the exam of sociology? Follow_up LEARNING —
EXAM_RES9 did you participate in the exam of methods in scientific research? Follow_up LEARNING —
EXAM_STUDY How hard did you study this semester? Follow_up2 LEARNING —
EXAM_SUPR how surprised were you with your exam grades? Follow_up LEARNING —
EXAM_TIME Participant self-reports of when their exam grade was consulted (not from experience-sampling surveys) Follow_up —
FEAR Fearful Baseline AFFECT FEAR NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
GENDER Gender Baseline DEMOGRAPHICS GENDER —
GRAT Grateful Baseline AFFECT GRATITUDE POSITIVE_AFFECT —
GUIL Guilty Baseline AFFECT GUILT NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
HAP When you think about your grades right now, how happy are you feeling? ESM AFFECT HAPPINESS POSITIVE_AFFECT —
HAP Happy Baseline AFFECT HAPPINESS POSITIVE_AFFECT —
HAP_SEM1 happy Follow_up2 AFFECT HAPPINESS POSITIVE_AFFECT —
HAP_SEM2 happy Follow_up2 AFFECT HAPPINESS POSITIVE_AFFECT —
HOPE Hopeful Baseline AFFECT HOPE POSITIVE_AFFECT —
IRR Irritated Baseline AFFECT IRRITATION NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
LEARN_EMO1 interested Baseline AFFECT INTEREST LEARNING POSITIVE_AFFECT —
LEARN_EMO10 proud Baseline AFFECT LEARNING POSITIVE_AFFECT PRIDE —
LEARN_EMO11 stressed Baseline AFFECT LEARNING NEGATIVE_AFFECT STRESS —
LEARN_EMO12 relaxed Baseline AFFECT LEARNING POSITIVE_AFFECT RELAXATION —
LEARN_EMO2 curious Baseline AFFECT CURIOUSITY LEARNING POSITIVE_AFFECT —
LEARN_EMO3 confused Baseline AFFECT CONFUSED LEARNING NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
LEARN_EMO4 bored Baseline AFFECT BORED LEARNING NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
LEARN_EMO5 sad Baseline AFFECT LEARNING NEGATIVE_AFFECT SADNESS —
LEARN_EMO6 angry Baseline AFFECT ANGER LEARNING NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
LEARN_EMO7 happy Baseline AFFECT HAPPINESS LEARNING POSITIVE_AFFECT —
LEARN_EMO8 disappointed Baseline AFFECT DISAPPOINTMENT LEARNING NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
LEARN_EMO9 ashamed Baseline AFFECT LEARNING NEGATIVE_AFFECT SHAME —
NATION Nationality Baseline DEMOGRAPHICS NATIONALITY —
NCS_1 I would prefer complex to simple problems. Baseline COGNITION —
NCS_10 The idea of relying on thought to make my way to the top appeals to me. Baseline COGNITION —
NCS_11 I really enjoy a task that involves coming up with new solutions to problems. Baseline COGNITION —
NCS_12 Learning new ways to think doesn't excite me very much Baseline COGNITION —
NCS_13 I prefer my life to be filled with puzzles that I must solve. Baseline COGNITION —
NCS_14 The notion of thinking abstractly is appealing to me. Baseline COGNITION —
NCS_15 I would prefer a task that is intellectual, difficult, and important to one that is somewhat important but does not require much thought. Baseline COGNITION —
NCS_16 I feel relief rather than satisfaction after completing a task that required a lot of mental effort Baseline COGNITION —
NCS_17 It's enough for me that something gets the job done; I don't care how or why it works Baseline COGNITION —
NCS_18 I usually end up deliberating about issues even when they do not affect me personally. Baseline COGNITION —
NCS_2 I like to have the responsibility of handling a situation that requires a lot of thinking. Baseline COGNITION —
NCS_3 Thinking is not my idea of fun. Baseline COGNITION —
NCS_4 I would rather do something that requires little thought than something that is sure to challenge my thinking abilities Baseline COGNITION —
NCS_5 I try to anticipate and avoid situations where there is a likely chance I will have to think in-depth about something. Baseline COGNITION —
NCS_6 I find satisfaction in deliberating hard and for long hours. Baseline COGNITION —
NCS_7 I only think as hard as I have to. Baseline COGNITION —
NCS_8 I prefer to think about small, daily projects to long-term ones Baseline COGNITION —
NCS_9 I like tasks that require little thought once I've learned them Baseline COGNITION —
NEGAFF Please indicate how negative you are feeling right now. ESM AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
NEGGOAL Since the last beep, how much did you try to influence your negative emotions about your exam results? ESM AFFECT GOAL NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
NERV Nervous Baseline AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT NERVOUSNESS —
PAI_BOR_1 My mood can shift quite suddenly. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_10 I have little control over my anger. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_11 I often wonder about what to do with my life. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_12 I rarely feel lonely. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_13 Sometimes I am so impulsive that it gets me in trouble. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_14 I have always been a fairly happy person. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_15 I can't handle being separated from people the people I love. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_16 I have made huge mistakes in picking friends. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_17 When I am upset, I often hurt myself. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_18 I've been so angry in the past, that I couldn't express all of my anger Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_19 I don't get bored very quickly. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_2 My attitude about myself often changes. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_20 Once someone becomes a friend, that person stays a friend. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_21 I am more impulsive than is good for me. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_22 I spend money too easily. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_23 I am a reckless person. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_24 I carefully choose on what to spend my money. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_3 My relationships have been stormy. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_4 My moods can be very intense. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_5 Sometimes I feel terribly empty inside. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_6 I want to let certain people know how much they've hurt me. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_7 My mood tends to be quite steady. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_8 I often worry about people leaving me. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
PAI_BOR_9 People I once loved, let me down. Baseline PERSONALITY_DISORDER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
POSAFF Please indicate how positive you are feeling right now. ESM AFFECT POSITIVE_AFFECT —
POSGOAL Since the last beep, how much did you try to influence your positive emotions about your exam results? ESM AFFECT GOAL POSITIVE_AFFECT —
PROUD When you think about your grades right now, how proud are you feeling? ESM AFFECT POSITIVE_AFFECT PRIDE —
PROUD Proud Baseline AFFECT POSITIVE_AFFECT PRIDE —
PROUD_SEM1 proud Follow_up2 AFFECT POSITIVE_AFFECT PRIDE —
PROUD_SEM2 proud Follow_up2 AFFECT POSITIVE_AFFECT PRIDE —
PWB_SF_11 I live life one day at a time and don't really think about the future. Baseline EUDAIMONIC WELL_BEING —
PWB_SF_21 I am quite good at managing the many responsibilities of my daily life. Baseline EUDAIMONIC WELL_BEING —
PWB_SF_28 I think it is important to have new experiences that challenge how you think about yourself and the world. Baseline EUDAIMONIC WELL_BEING —
PWB_SF_3 In general, I feel I am in charge of the situation in which I live. Baseline EUDAIMONIC WELL_BEING —
PWB_SF_30 I like most aspects of my personality. Baseline EUDAIMONIC WELL_BEING —
PWB_SF_32 I tend to be influenced by people with strong opinions. Baseline EUDAIMONIC WELL_BEING —
PWB_SF_42 In many ways, I feel disappointed about my achievements in life. Baseline EUDAIMONIC WELL_BEING —
PWB_SF_49 People would describe me as a giving person, willing to share my time with others. Baseline EUDAIMONIC WELL_BEING —
PWB_SF_50 I have confidence in my opinions, even if they are contrary to the general consensus. Baseline EUDAIMONIC WELL_BEING —
PWB_SF_55 I have not experienced many warm and trusting relationships with others. Baseline EUDAIMONIC WELL_BEING —
PWB_SF_59 Some people wander aimlessly through life, but I am not one of them. Baseline EUDAIMONIC WELL_BEING —
PWB_SF_6 When I look at the story of my life, I am pleased with how things have turned out. Baseline EUDAIMONIC WELL_BEING —
PWB_SF_64 For me, life has been a continuous process of learning, changing, and growth. Baseline EUDAIMONIC WELL_BEING —
PWB_SF_65 I sometimes feel as if I've done all there is to do in life. Baseline EUDAIMONIC WELL_BEING —
PWB_SF_7 Maintaining close relationships has been difficult and frustrating for me. Baseline EUDAIMONIC WELL_BEING —
PWB_SF_76 I gave up trying to make big improvements or changes in my life a long time ago. Baseline EUDAIMONIC WELL_BEING —
PWB_SF_80 I judge myself by what I think is important, not by the values of what others think is important. Baseline EUDAIMONIC WELL_BEING —
PWB_SF_9 The demands of everyday life often get me down. Baseline EUDAIMONIC WELL_BEING —
REAP Since the last beep, have you looked at your grades and the emotions that go with them from another perspective? ESM EMOTION_REGULATION REAPPRAISAL STRATEGY —
RELAT What is your current relationship status? Baseline DEMOGRAPHICS RELATIONSHIP —
RELIEF When you think about your grades right now, how relieved are you feeling? ESM AFFECT POSITIVE_AFFECT RELIEF —
RELIEF_SEM1 relieved Follow_up2 AFFECT POSITIVE_AFFECT RELIEF —
RELIEF_SEM2 relieved Follow_up2 AFFECT POSITIVE_AFFECT RELIEF —
RRS_1 Think about how alone you feel Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_10 Think “Why do I always react this way?” Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_11 Go away by yourself and think about why you feel this way Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REFLECTION STRATEGY —
RRS_12 Write down what you are thinking about and analyze it Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REFLECTION STRATEGY —
RRS_13 Think about a recent situation, wishing it had gone better Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_14 Think “I won’t be able to concentrate if I keep feeling this way” Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_15 Think “why do I have problems other people don’t have?” Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_16 Think “why can’t I handle things better?” Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_17 Think about how sad you feel Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_18 Think about all your shortcomings, failings, faults, and mistakes Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_19 Think about how you don’t feel up to doing anything Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_2 Think “I won’t be able to do my job if I don’t snap out of this” Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_20 Analyze your personality to try to understand why you are depressed Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REFLECTION STRATEGY —
RRS_21 Go someplace alone to think about your feelings Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REFLECTION STRATEGY —
RRS_22 Think about how angry you are with yourself Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_3 Think about your feelings of fatigue and achiness Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_4 Think about how hard it is to concentrate Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_5 Think “what am I doing to deserve this?” Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_6 Think about how passive and unmotivated you feel Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_7 Analyze recent events to try to understand why you are depressed Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REFLECTION STRATEGY —
RRS_8 Think about how you don’t seem to feel anything anymore Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_9 Think “Why can’t I get going?” Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RSE_1 Generally, I am happy with myself Baseline SELF SELF_ESTEEM —
RSE_10 I have a positive attitude toward myself Baseline SELF SELF_ESTEEM —
RSE_2 Sometimes I don’t think I’m good for anything Baseline SELF SELF_ESTEEM —
RSE_3 I feel I have a number of good qualities Baseline SELF SELF_ESTEEM —
RSE_4 I can do things as well as most other people Baseline SELF SELF_ESTEEM —
RSE_5 I feel I don’t have much to be proud of Baseline SELF SELF_ESTEEM —
RSE_6 Sometimes I feel useless Baseline SELF SELF_ESTEEM —
RSE_7 I feel I am a worthy person, at least as worthy as others Baseline SELF SELF_ESTEEM —
RSE_8 I wish I could have more self-respect Baseline SELF SELF_ESTEEM —
RSE_9 Generally, I feel like a failure Baseline SELF SELF_ESTEEM —
RUM Since the last beep, did you ruminate about your grades? ESM EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
SAD When you think about your grades right now, how sad are you feeling? ESM AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT SADNESS —
SAD Sad Baseline AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT SADNESS —
SAD_SEM1 sad Follow_up2 AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT SADNESS —
SAD_SEM2 sad Follow_up2 AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT SADNESS —
SHAM When you think about your grades right now, how ashamed are you feeling? ESM AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT SHAME —
SHAM Ashamed Baseline AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT SHAME —
SHAM_SEM1 ashamed Follow_up2 AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT SHAME —
SHAM_SEM2 ashamed Follow_up2 AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT SHAME —
SHARE Since the last beep, have you talked to others about your grades and the associated emotions? ESM EMOTION_REGULATION SOCIAL_SHARING STRATEGY —
STILL_ENROL1 Are you still studying at university? Follow_up2 DEMOGRAPHICS EDUCATION —
STILL_ENROL2 Are you still studying psychology? Follow_up2 DEMOGRAPHICS EDUCATION —
STR When thinking about your grades right now, how stressed are you feeling? ESM AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT STRESS —
STR Stressed Baseline AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT STRESS —
STR_SEM1 stressed Follow_up2 AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT STRESS —
STR_SEM2 stressed Follow_up2 AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT STRESS —
SUPR Since the last beep, have you suppressed the outward expression of your emotions about your grades? ESM EMOTION_REGULATION EXPRESSIVE_SUPPRESSION STRATEGY —
SWLS_1 In most ways my life is close to ideal Baseline HEDONIC LIFE_SATISFACTION WELL_BEING —
SWLS_1 In most ways my life is close to ideal Follow_up2 HEDONIC LIFE_SATISFACTION WELL_BEING —
SWLS_2 The conditions of my life are excellent Baseline HEDONIC LIFE_SATISFACTION WELL_BEING —
SWLS_2 The conditions of my life are excellent Follow_up2 HEDONIC LIFE_SATISFACTION WELL_BEING —
SWLS_3 I am satisfied with my life Baseline HEDONIC LIFE_SATISFACTION WELL_BEING —
SWLS_3 I am satisfied with my life Follow_up2 HEDONIC LIFE_SATISFACTION WELL_BEING —
SWLS_4 So far I have gotten the important things I want in life Baseline HEDONIC LIFE_SATISFACTION WELL_BEING —
SWLS_4 So far I have gotten the important things I want in life Follow_up2 HEDONIC LIFE_SATISFACTION WELL_BEING —
SWLS_5 If I could live my life over, I would change almost nothing Baseline HEDONIC LIFE_SATISFACTION WELL_BEING —
SWLS_5 If I could live my life over, I would change almost nothing Follow_up2 HEDONIC LIFE_SATISFACTION WELL_BEING —

Publications

Main Publication

Differentiate to regulate: Low negative emotion differentiation is associated with ineffective use but not selection of emotion-regulation strategies.

Title:
Differentiate to regulate: Low negative emotion differentiation is associated with ineffective use but not selection of emotion-regulation strategies.
Authors:
Kalokerinos, E. K. , Erbas, Y., Ceulemans, E., Kuppens, P.
Year of publication:
2019
Publication name:
Psychological Science
Volume number:
30
Issue number:
6
Page numbers:
863-879
DOI or URL:
https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619838763

Additional publications

  • Kalokerinos, E. K., Murphy, S. C., Koval, P., Bailen, N. H., Crombez, G., Hollenstein, T., Gleeson, J., Thompson, R. J., Van Ryckeghem, D. M. L., Kuppens, P., & Bastian, B. (2020). Neuroticism may not reflect emotional variability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(17), 9270–9276. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1919934118
  • Dejonckheere, E., Mestdagh, M., Verdonck, S., Lafit, G., Ceulemans, E., Bastian, B., & Kalokerinos, E. K. (2021). The relation between positive and negative affect becomes more negative in response to personally relevant events. Emotion, 21(2), 326–336. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000697
  • Dejonckheere, E., Mestdagh, M., Kuppens, P., & Tuerlinckx, F. (2020). Reply to: Context matters for affective chronometry. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(7), 690–693. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0861-6
  • Wenzel, M., Philippi, P., & Kaurin, A. (2025). Examining everyday emotion regulation as an ability: Emotion regulation monitoring, but not general strategy implementation ability, is significantly associated with affective well-being in daily life. European Journal of Personality. https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070251332665
  • Koval, P., Kalokerinos, E. K., Greenaway, K. H., Medland, H., Kuppens, P., Nezlek, J. B., Hinton, J. D. X., & Gross, J. J. (2023). Emotion regulation in everyday life: Mapping global self-reports to daily processes. Emotion, 23(2), 357–374. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001097
  • Sels, L., Erbas, Y., O’Brien, S. T., Verhofstadt, L., Clark, M. S., & Kalokerinos, E. K. (2024). The Double-Edged Sword of Social Sharing: Social Sharing Predicts Increased Emotion Differentiation When Rumination Is Low but Decreased Emotion Differentiation When Rumination Is High. Psychological Science, 35(10), 1079-1093. https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976241266513
  • Moeck, E. K., Greenaway, K. H., Bianchi, V., Gross, J. J., Koval, P., & Kalokerinos, E. K. (2024). Uncertainty moderates the emotional consequences of reappraisal, social sharing, and rumination in daily life. Emotion, 24(8), 1962–1974. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001407
  • Erbas, Y., Kalokerinos, E. K., Kuppens, P., van Halem, S., & Ceulemans, E. (2022). Momentary Emotion Differentiation: The Derivation and Validation of an index to Study Within-Person Fluctuations in Emotion Differentiation. Assessment, 29(4), 700–716. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191121990089
  • Kalokerinos, E. K., Moeck, E. K., Rummens, K., Meers, K., & Mestdagh, M. (2023). Ready for the worst? Negative affect in anticipation of a stressor does not protect against affective reactivity. Journal of Personality, 91(5), 1123–1139. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12787
  • Tran, A., Freeman-Robinson, R., Koval, P., Greenaway, K. H., & Kalokerinos, E. K. (2025) Context Matters, Doesn’t It? The Role of Context in Everyday Emotion Regulation Strategy Use. PsyArXiv.  https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/axzk6_v1